All drugs delivered by bath application were also delivered through the Y-tube with the exception of NMDA and NRG2 that where delivered only via the Y-tube57. Venus-NRG2 clusters dim immediately after the addition of glutamate and quickly fade to background levels. In movie S3, Venus-NRG2 fluorescence remains stable throughout the duration of the recording session due to the blockade of NMDA receptors by AP5. ncomms8222-s3.mov (9.3M) GUID:?7F0660D2-69F6-48C0-B988-23EE29EFAD68 Supplementary Movie 3 Time-lapse of the NMDAR-dependent downregulation of Venus-NRG2 clusters in response to glutamate. Neurons were infected at DIV3 with Venus-NRG2 and Bethoxazin live-imaged on DIV 21 (see Methods). The movie depicts representative neurons shown in Determine 3, with Bethoxazin individual frames acquired every 30 seconds. Baseline fluorescence was acquired for 5 min, either in the absence (S2) or presence (S3) of 50 M AP5, followed by bath application of 20 M glutamate for 10 min. In movie S2, Venus-NRG2 clusters dim immediately after the addition E.coli polyclonal to GST Tag.Posi Tag is a 45 kDa recombinant protein expressed in E.coli. It contains five different Tags as shown in the figure. It is bacterial lysate supplied in reducing SDS-PAGE loading buffer. It is intended for use as a positive control in western blot experiments of glutamate and Bethoxazin quickly fade to background levels. In movie S3, Venus-NRG2 fluorescence remains stable throughout the duration of the recording session due to the blockade of NMDA receptors by AP5. ncomms8222-s4.mov (2.8M) GUID:?F2C8FBB2-8845-460B-8D89-2159B856F95A Abstract The neuregulin receptor ErbB4 is an important modulator of GABAergic interneurons and neural network synchronization. However, little is known about the endogenous ligands that engage ErbB4, the neural processes that activate them or their direct downstream targets. Here we demonstrate, in cultured neurons and in acute slices, that this NMDA receptor is usually both effector and target of neuregulin 2 (NRG2)/ErbB4 signalling in cortical interneurons. Interneurons co-express ErbB4 and NRG2, and pro-NRG2 accumulates on cell bodies atop subsurface cisternae. NMDA receptor activation rapidly triggers shedding of the signalling-competent NRG2 extracellular domain name. In turn, NRG2 promotes ErbB4 association with GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, followed by rapid internalization of surface receptors and potent downregulation of NMDA but not AMPA receptor currents. These effects occur selectively in ErbB4-positive interneurons and not in ErbB4-unfavorable pyramidal neurons. Our findings reveal an intimate reciprocal relationship between ErbB4 and NMDA receptors with possible implications for the modulation of cortical microcircuits associated with cognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders. Local GABA(gamma aminobutyric acid)-ergic inhibitory interneurons are essential coordinators of cortical microcircuits and are implicated in epilepsy, schizophrenia and other pathologies in which the balance of excitatory and inhibitory transmission is usually perturbed. Because of their critical role in modulating neuronal network activity by transiently entraining groups of principal neurons into synchronously firing ensembles, it is important to understand how this extremely diverse class of neurons is usually itself regulated by interactions between fast-acting synaptic transmission and slow-acting neuromodulators. Two such regulators that have received much attention are hybridization (ISH) of the mouse hippocampus with probes for NRG2 and ErbB4. While weak NRG2 signals were detected in many cells, much higher levels were consistently detected in ErbB4+ cells (Fig. 1a), indicating that ErbB4+ interneurons co-express NRG2. These findings were corroborated using a probe for Gad1 (Supplementary Fig. 1). Intrigued by the possibility of an Bethoxazin autocrine NRG2/ErbB4 signalling loop in GABAergic interneurons, we developed mono- and polyclonal antibodies against the extra (ECD)- and intracellular (ICD) domains of NRG2 (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 2). Both mouse and rabbit monoclonal antibodies raised against the NRG2-ECD and ICD, respectively, are specific for NRG2 and do not crossreact with NRG1 (Supplementary Figs 3 and 4). Using mouse monoclonal antibody 8D11 against the ECD, we indeed found prominent NRG2 signals in the soma and proximal dendrites of ErbB4+ interneurons in hippocampal areas CA1CCA3 (Fig. 1c). A representative count of NRG2+ cells (excluding dentate gyrus granule cells) from three rats revealed that of 558 NRG2+ neurons,.
Categories